From ancient times, maritime trade has played a key role in social and economic development and urbanization. The Harappan Era’s major ports (Lothal, Dholavira) handling maritime trade globally—evidence of items from Greece, West Asia, found in the remains—indicate the significance of ports. Today, more than 80% of global merchandise trade (by volume) is transported via the sea route. A considerable and increasing proportion is transported to ports in containers, which form essential part of global supply chains.

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